ESR's HOWTO on Unix and Internet Fundamentals is very good. It was crisp and effective.
Will give a good start for any beginner and also may bridge the gaps when you have a rough idea.
This was not just about Unix and Internet, but about Computers, OS and all the basic things one needs to be aware of.
Read the Linux Reading List HOWTO also by the same author.
FOLDOC entry to edit:clause
FOLDOC entry to edit: [Yuanqing Zhu [drinking201ATyahoo.com.cn]: clause]
This is a logic programming thing. Needs a bit more explanation I think.
------- Start of forwarded message -------
From: Yuanqing Zhu [drinking201ATyahoo.com.cn]
To: Denis Howe [dbhATdoc.ic.ac.uk], Yuanqing Zhu [rinking201ATyahoo.com.cn]
Subject: clause
X-Host:
X-Url: sendnew
X-Browser: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.0)
Sender: Denis Howe
Date: Fri, 26 Dec 2003 07:31:53 +0000
clause
definition of clause:the disconjuction form of literals reference:Microsoft Computer Dictionary
------- End of forwarded message -------
--
Denis Howe
Free On-Line Dictionary of Computing
http://www.foldoc.org/
Need to Complete this by 7 th of May.
As before, you are welcome for discussion on this topic.
This is a logic programming thing. Needs a bit more explanation I think.
------- Start of forwarded message -------
From: Yuanqing Zhu [drinking201ATyahoo.com.cn]
To: Denis Howe [dbhATdoc.ic.ac.uk], Yuanqing Zhu [rinking201ATyahoo.com.cn]
Subject: clause
X-Host:
X-Url: sendnew
X-Browser: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.0)
Sender: Denis Howe
Date: Fri, 26 Dec 2003 07:31:53 +0000
clause
definition of clause:the disconjuction form of literals reference:Microsoft Computer Dictionary
------- End of forwarded message -------
--
Denis Howe
Free On-Line Dictionary of Computing
http://www.foldoc.org/
Need to Complete this by 7 th of May.
As before, you are welcome for discussion on this topic.
fourth generation language
I was given a oppurtunity to edit a FOLDOC entry.
I am happy to see it published now. You may enjoy reading the definition about 4GL.
Here is format I submitted sometime December last week of 2003.( It was during /on Christmas)
fourth generation language
(4GL) An "application specific" language, one with built-in knowledge of an application domain, similar to {SQL} having the built-in knowledge of database domain.
The term was invented by Jim Martin to refer to {non-procedural}{ high level languages} built around {database} systems.
The fourth generation language (4GL) was designed to be very close to natural language to ease the programming process and with the idea that certain applications could be generalised by adding limited programming ability to them.
The fourth generation language are called Report Generated languages, because when fed a description of data format and the report to generate,they turned that into a {COBOL} ( or another 3GL,which actually contained the commands to read and process the data) and placed the results on the page.
Some examples of 4GL are : {SQL}; {Focus}, {Metafont},
{PostScript}, {S}, {IDL-PV/WAVE}, {Gauss},
{Mathematica}; and {data-stream languages} such as {AVS},
{APE}, {Iris Explorer}.
Enjoy the Formal entry here: 4GL
Thanks!
BTW, FOLDOC really great and helping me improve my knowledge in Computer Science.
Thanks Denis Howe!
I am happy to see it published now. You may enjoy reading the definition about 4GL.
Here is format I submitted sometime December last week of 2003.( It was during /on Christmas)
fourth generation language
The term was invented by Jim Martin to refer to {non-procedural}{ high level languages} built around {database} systems.
The fourth generation language (4GL) was designed to be very close to natural language to ease the programming process and with the idea that certain applications could be generalised by adding limited programming ability to them.
The fourth generation language are called Report Generated languages, because when fed a description of data format and the report to generate,they turned that into a {COBOL} ( or another 3GL,which actually contained the commands to read and process the data) and placed the results on the page.
Some examples of 4GL are : {SQL}; {Focus}, {Metafont},
{PostScript}, {S}, {IDL-PV/WAVE}, {Gauss},
{Mathematica}; and {data-stream languages} such as {AVS},
{APE}, {Iris Explorer}.
Enjoy the Formal entry here: 4GL
Thanks!
BTW, FOLDOC really great and helping me improve my knowledge in Computer Science.
Thanks Denis Howe!
Really Simple and Atomized Syndication
factorial shell script
#!/bin/sh
function factorial()
{
N=$1
A=1
while test $N -gt 0 ; do
A = `expr $A '*' $N`
N = `expr $N - 1`
done
echo $A
}
factorial
It is giving me a message that unary operator is expected at line 6 which is
while test $N - gt 0 ; do
function factorial()
{
N=$1
A=1
while test $N -gt 0 ; do
A = `expr $A '*' $N`
N = `expr $N - 1`
done
echo $A
}
factorial
It is giving me a message that unary operator is expected at line 6 which is
while test $N - gt 0 ; do
agp0: trying to bind to stolen memory.
This should be helpful in understanding this issue:
http://www.chzsoft.com.ar/855patch.html
- shall try it out and post the results later.
Had the following discussion, which helped me get to this.
--] You are now talking on #linux
--- Topic for #linux is Linux discussion. Read lwn.net. cut-n-paste != code reuse
--- Topic for #linux set by mdomsch_hm at Sat Jan 31 03:28:46
[senthil_or] Hi posted at linux-testers.[drm:i830_wait_ring] *ERROR* lockup
--] JerryDinh (JerryDinh@33f0f94f.23fa4838.amer.dell.com) has joined #linux
[mdomsch] senthil_or: saw it, no idea
[mdomsch] I had something similar on [= RHL8 with my Latitude C400
[mdomsch] but was fixed with newer DRM and XFree in RHL9
[mdomsch] RHEL3 should be fine in that regard.
[senthil_or] Nope, I am using RH3 but still getting it constantly
[senthil_or] Matt,one more thing. This is another problem X11 , posted here http://snipurl.com/4ax0
[senthil_or] have got any pointers ?
[mdomsch] Red Hat XFree86 SRPM?
[mdomsch] They may well have something in there to address this which hasn't made it upstream yet.
[senthil_or] the question at google groups ( usenet) related to Xfree86 latest failing when used with Freebsd but Fedora/RH worked fine
[senthil_or] agp0: trying to bind to stolen memory was the error, unable to figure out how to resolve
[mdomsch] yeah, I read it.
[mdomsch] "stolen memory" is system RAM being used by the video adapter as video memory
[mdomsch] some is reserved by the BIOS at boot time, but generally only 1MB
[mdomsch] which isn't enough for most video modes
[mdomsch] So the i830 X driver needs to "steal" more (16MB or more)
[mebrown] 855patch.tar.gz
[mdomsch] in the SRPM?
[senthil_or] ok..i see
[mebrown] i have D500. google for 855patch. it lets you set the amount of ram to use.
[senthil_or] Yeah, got the link - It offers good explaination of whats happend. Shall Try that. Thanks Matt!! :)
[mdomsch] thank mebrown
http://www.chzsoft.com.ar/855patch.html
- shall try it out and post the results later.
Had the following discussion, which helped me get to this.
--] You are now talking on #linux
--- Topic for #linux is Linux discussion. Read lwn.net. cut-n-paste != code reuse
--- Topic for #linux set by mdomsch_hm at Sat Jan 31 03:28:46
[senthil_or] Hi posted at linux-testers.[drm:i830_wait_ring] *ERROR* lockup
--] JerryDinh (JerryDinh@33f0f94f.23fa4838.amer.dell.com) has joined #linux
[mdomsch] senthil_or: saw it, no idea
[mdomsch] I had something similar on [= RHL8 with my Latitude C400
[mdomsch] but was fixed with newer DRM and XFree in RHL9
[mdomsch] RHEL3 should be fine in that regard.
[senthil_or] Nope, I am using RH3 but still getting it constantly
[senthil_or] Matt,one more thing. This is another problem X11 , posted here http://snipurl.com/4ax0
[senthil_or] have got any pointers ?
[mdomsch] Red Hat XFree86 SRPM?
[mdomsch] They may well have something in there to address this which hasn't made it upstream yet.
[senthil_or] the question at google groups ( usenet) related to Xfree86 latest failing when used with Freebsd but Fedora/RH worked fine
[senthil_or] agp0: trying to bind to stolen memory was the error, unable to figure out how to resolve
[mdomsch] yeah, I read it.
[mdomsch] "stolen memory" is system RAM being used by the video adapter as video memory
[mdomsch] some is reserved by the BIOS at boot time, but generally only 1MB
[mdomsch] which isn't enough for most video modes
[mdomsch] So the i830 X driver needs to "steal" more (16MB or more)
[mebrown] 855patch.tar.gz
[mdomsch] in the SRPM?
[senthil_or] ok..i see
[mebrown] i have D500. google for 855patch. it lets you set the amount of ram to use.
[senthil_or] Yeah, got the link - It offers good explaination of whats happend. Shall Try that. Thanks Matt!! :)
[mdomsch] thank mebrown
Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs
MIT's Opencourseware. - Thanking you.
This book is dedicated, in respect and admiration, to the spirit that lives in the computer.
``I think that it's extraordinarily important that we in computer science keep fun in computing. When it started out, it was an awful lot of fun. Of course, the paying customers got shafted every now and then, and after a while we began to take their complaints seriously. We began to feel as if we really were responsible for the successful, error-free perfect use of these machines. I don't think we are. I think we're responsible for stretching them, setting them off in new directions, and keeping fun in the house. I hope the field of computer science never loses its sense of fun. Above all, I hope we don't become missionaries. Don't feel as if you're Bible salesmen. The world has too many of those already. What you know about computing other people will learn. Don't feel as if the key to successful computing is only in your hands. What's in your hands, I think and hope, is intelligence: the ability to see the machine as more than when you were first led up to it, that you can make it more.''
Alan J. Perlis (April 1, 1922-February 7, 1990)
This book is dedicated, in respect and admiration, to the spirit that lives in the computer.
``I think that it's extraordinarily important that we in computer science keep fun in computing. When it started out, it was an awful lot of fun. Of course, the paying customers got shafted every now and then, and after a while we began to take their complaints seriously. We began to feel as if we really were responsible for the successful, error-free perfect use of these machines. I don't think we are. I think we're responsible for stretching them, setting them off in new directions, and keeping fun in the house. I hope the field of computer science never loses its sense of fun. Above all, I hope we don't become missionaries. Don't feel as if you're Bible salesmen. The world has too many of those already. What you know about computing other people will learn. Don't feel as if the key to successful computing is only in your hands. What's in your hands, I think and hope, is intelligence: the ability to see the machine as more than when you were first led up to it, that you can make it more.''
Alan J. Perlis (April 1, 1922-February 7, 1990)
Deamons vs Penguins
This discussion on BSD and the way it is different from Linux was good.
http://www.over-yonder.net/~fullermd/rants/bsd4linux/bsd4linux1.php
For anyone who has at anytime just got a look and feel of BSD would make a good read.
http://www.over-yonder.net/~fullermd/rants/bsd4linux/bsd4linux1.php
For anyone who has at anytime just got a look and feel of BSD would make a good read.
ls -t
ls -t will sort the files present in the directory with timeline- recently accessed files first.
But, following TUPE, I created a file called -t using ed.
I am try to ls that -t file.
even tried
ls '-t'
ls \-t
but it is not working.
trying to find a way to get around the option -t and list the file -t
But, following TUPE, I created a file called -t using ed.
I am try to ls that -t file.
even tried
ls '-t'
ls \-t
but it is not working.
trying to find a way to get around the option -t and list the file -t
Got the Answer from a friend
ls -- -t
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